Water draining spandrel assembly and insulated panel window walls

ABSTRACT

An exterior wall assembly including an insulated panel having at least one hole; at least one spacer located between and abutting a first portion of an outside of the insulated panel and an inside of an architectural fascia panel; at least one layer of non-conducting material connected to the at least one spacer and sandwiched between a second portion of the outside of the insulated panel and the inside of the architectural fascia panel; and a first fastener having a hollow inner section inserted into the at least one hole which has threading on the inside, an outer section having threading on the outside and extending into the layer of non-conducting material; and a flange located between the inner section and outer section of the first fastener and having a greater lateral dimension than the radius of the at least one hole.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of Non-provisionalapplication Ser. No. 15/961,856 filed Apr. 24, 2018 that claims prioritybenefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/489,363, filed Apr.24, 2017; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to exterior building envelope enclosuresand, more particularly, to a water draining spandrel assembly with adesign optimized for an improved architectural window wall whichincludes an insulated panel joined to an architectural fascia and dryside structural reinforcement as needed. The present invention furtherrelates to an exterior envelope enclosure designed to deliver optimalindoor air quality, for example by managing water vapor from an interiorconditioned space of a building which may enter an interiorunconditioned space located between an interior finish and an interiorportion of the exterior building envelope enclosure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known in the construction of large, high-rise commercial orresidential buildings to construct a self-supporting structure of aroof, floors and interior bearing members out of concrete and/or steel,and to clad this self-supporting structure with an exterior buildingenvelope enclosure. It is further known that water vapor from aninterior conditioned space of the building can travel through interiorfinish and get trapped in an interior unconditioned space, such as anarea between the interior finish and a portion of the exterior envelopeenclosure. The interior conditioned space may be areas inside a buildingdesigned for habitation.

Water vapor may condense on a material surface in the interiorunconditioned space when the material surface temperature is below thedew point. This condensed water may be difficult to notice and find dueto this location, which is typically not accessible without removing theinterior finish. Additionally, air and water vapor may travel through acompromised vertical seal into the interior conditioned space from theoutside of the building. This trapped water vapor can create a risk ofmold growth, and may also cause structural damage.

Common types of exterior building envelope enclosures known in the artare shown in FIGS. 1A-1D. FIG. 1A is a vertical cross-sectional view ofa standard window wall of a standard exterior wall system utilizingreceptor frames (head receptor 12 and sub sill 14) at the head and sillof a exterior wall assembly. FIG. 1B is a vertical cross-sectional viewof a standard curtainwall. FIGS. 1C and 1D are vertical cross-sectionalviews of hybrid window/curtain wall systems, which are window wallsdesigned to incorporate curtainwall aesthetics and certain designprinciples

These exterior building envelope enclosures typically have simple metalvertical wall structures 10 which are joined to horizontal floorstructures (not shown) to create modules. On site, modules verticallyand horizontally join and or align to each other with verticals 10 andhorizontals (not shown) which incorporate male/female joinery as well asvertical seals.

Architectural fascia materials such as glass 15 can be used at visionand opaque areas, and are typically glazed in the factory but can besite glazed as well.

FIG. 1A shows a typical exterior wall assembly, with verticals 10 andhorizontals (not shown), which is factory assembled and then siteinstalled between two adjacent concrete floor slabs 16 and sealed withcaulking 18 and 18′, respectively, with sub sill receptors 14 and headreceptors 12.

During assembly, after the exterior wall assembly is placed into the subsill receiver 14, its upper end is then rotated forward into the headreceptor extrusion 12. The window wall assembly is prevented fromleaning outward by an exterior extruded arm in the head receptor. Theextruded arm of the head receptor 12 usually contains seals that makecontact with the horizontal top edge of the window wall assembly. Theexterior wall assembly can then be joined to a previously-installedexterior wall assembly by using male/female vertical 10 with verticalseals. A separate drive-on extrusion may then be driven into theinterior side of the head receptor extrusion 12 and locked into place,for example by way of serrated teeth and leverage, while holding thewindow wall assembly tightly into the head receptor 12. Sealant (notshown) may be applied to critical areas in order to ensure a tight airand water seals.

Typical exterior wall assemblies, such as the typical window wallassembly shown in FIG. 1A, often require a waterproof membrane whichseals the concrete slabs 16. This waterproof membrane is then coveredwith an insulated external spandrel cover panel 20 to cover the concreteslab 16. The membrane is required since, over time, exterior surfaceapplied seals become compromised, and water is expected to enter throughspandrel cover panel 20 and can cause damage to concrete slab 16 overtime and simply leak to the interior.

Window wall assemblies as shown in FIG. 1D have a notched verticalbottom and often require a time- and sequence-critical site-installedwaterproof membrane. The surface receiving the waterproof membrane mustbe clear of debris, sufficiently dry, primed and generally prepared, sothat the membrane bonds properly to the concrete slab 16 as well as tothe module previously installed below. The membrane is required sincewater is expected to enter through vertical 10 of multiple modulesinstalled on any given floor and is viewed as a design limitation whichmust be overcome by adding the site-installed waterproof membrane.

With typical window wall assemblies, as shown in FIG. 1A, when loads,such as wind pressure, are applied to window wall assemblies, water willlikely enter the various joinery of vertical and horizontals and thelocations where discreet modules vertically join to each other withmale/female verticals 10 and vertical seals. This water collects into asub sill 14 which acts to collect water from multiple modules installedon any given floor.

One problem with typical window walls and their sub sills, such as subsill 14, is that, depending on wind pressure and volume of watercollected, the sub sill may need varying vertical heights in order toproperly manage drainage of collected water. This requires various subsill designs so as to manage different conditions on a given project orthe design team will be forced to use the highest performing sub sill sothat aesthetics remain constant. However, requiring different sub silldesigns on a single project complicates the design of each project andincreases inventory requirements, lab testing with various sub silldesigns. Often projects default to the highest performing sub sillrequired on a given project in order to simplify the process even if itcompromises optimal aesthetics and thermal performance.

Sub sills with modest vertical heights will not drain collected water aswell as those with increased vertical heights. This is because theincrease in vertical height presents additional surface area and,therefore, an area for increased thermal exchange. Thermal exchangeimpacts interior surface temperature conditions of typical sub sills,such that, in cold climates, as the height of the sub sill is increased,the risk of interior water vapor condensing on its interior surfaces,which is an unwanted condition, is also increased. In warm climates, alarge sub sill increases interior surface temperature and can result incondensation forming on exterior surfaces, as well as extreme interiorhot surfaces, which are unwanted conditions.

Curtain walls, such as in FIG. 1B, and window walls, such as FIGS. 1Cand 1D, utilize at least one continuous metal vertical 10 which isconnected to horizontals (not shown). The continuous metal verticaldesign approach increases thermal exchange between architectural shadowbox areas, which are often pressure equalized and conditioned to theexterior environment, and framing at vision areas, which are conditionedto the interior environment. This design approach impacts conditionswithin the shadow box and can present as visual distortions, which is anunwanted condition. This design approach impacts interior surfaceconditions of vertical 10 and the horizontal (not shown) which acts as atransition between the shadow box and the vision area. In cold climates,it increases the risk of interior water vapor condensing on the interiorsurfaces of the vision area as entering through small flaws in frameseals and condensing on the interior surfaces of the shadow box, whichare unwanted conditions. In warm climates, the continuous verticalincreases the interior surface temperature, can promote condensationforming on exterior surfaces and can promote condensation forming onmultiple surface areas within the shadow box, which is an unwantedcondition.

The rain screen design approach is principally used to protect all typesof primary air seals from direct exposure to exterior conditions, suchas direct exposure to the sun, water and contaminates deposited by rainand wind, by locating them in a hidden area beyond the outermost exposedexterior surface of exterior building envelope enclosures.

The rain screen approach is viewed as an advanced design approach.Previously, curtainwalls and window walls as depicted in FIGS. 1A-D usedan exterior primary weather seal, which was placed on the outermostenvelopes surface, and was often referred to as “fish tanking”. Theseseals placed on the outermost envelopes surface were directly exposed tovarious weather conditions, including UV from the sun light, and,therefore, required regular maintenance. Today's curtain walls, such asshown in FIG. 1B, and window walls, such as shown FIGS. 1C and 1D,utilize the rain screen design approach to protect the primary verticaland horizontal air seal barriers located behind an exterior face of thevertical and horizontal framing. The primary vertical air seal issite-married to primary horizontal seals with silicone.

The rain screen design approach presents a challenge since often it isdifficult to measure the amount of moisture, or other surfacecontaminant, which may be present on the surfaces of materials to bejoined and which can limit optimal adhesion of silicone to substratesurfaces. The silicone often joins to vertical and horizontal framesurfaces which move independent of each other due to thermal cycling,wind, seismic and live loads and for which the joinery and seals are notoptimally designed, and these conditions can cause these critical airseals to become compromised.

Another problem with the rain screen approach is that, when structuralaluminum framing is being used, the seals' optimal location for thermalcontrol would be on the outermost exterior surface. With the rain screenapproach, optimal thermal conditions are not being realized. In coldclimates, this increases the risk of condensation collecting on theinterior of the building, and in warm climates, this can promote extremeinterior surface temperatures and condensation forming on exteriorsurfaces, which are unwanted conditions.

Thermal problems associated with rain screen designs are viewed as adesign limitation which must be overcome by adding exteriorfactory-extruded compression seals or by increasing the interioraluminum mass. However, adding exterior compression seals requires longterm maintenance. In addition, adding aluminum is costly and can createextreme hot spots on the systems' interior surfaces when cold weathertransitions to hot weather.

As described, curtain walls such as in FIG. 1B and window walls such asFIGS. 1C and 1D utilize a continuous metal vertical 10 which areconnected to horizontals (not shown). The continuous metal verticaldesign approach increases the chance that sound and heat will travelvertically from one floor to another, an unwanted condition. In order tomanage sound traveling, a design limitation, the verticals are oftenfilled with different materials to reduce sound traveling. Oftencondensation collects in these areas, and creates a risk of mold growth,an unwanted condition.

Curtain walls such as in FIG. 1B and window walls such as FIG. 1C andFIG. 1D utilize a continuous metal vertical 10 which are connected tohorizontals (not shown). The continuous metal vertical design approachalso increases the chances that sound and/or heat and smoke generatedfrom a fire can travel through the continuous vertical, to floorsgenerally above the sound and fire source, which create life, safety andhealth issues, can cause other building materials to combust orotherwise be damaged, and can compromise the structural integrity of thevertical which can compromise the vertical's structural connection tothe slab 16, all of which are unwanted conditions.

Interior water vapor condensing on visible surfaces is a problem knownto many, and design solutions have been substantially resolved andcontinue to be improved as means, methods and advanced materials proveout and become commercially viable.

Interior water vapor condensing in hidden areas or directly adjacent tohidden areas is a problem that has not received as much attention. Theseareas are often now being referred to as “outside the mechanicalboundary condition” because mechanical engineers cannot easily design aheating system to value this space. Managing this area is left to thedesigners, facade engineers, assemblers and installers of the exteriorbuilding envelope enclosure. The use of internal thermal enhancingmaterials often referred to as insulation has been used in North Americafor many decades. These materials, when placed in cavities between thefinished space and the exterior wall, or outside the mechanical boundarycondition, increase the surface temperature of materials such asfinished opaque sheetrock walls. These thermal enhancing materials alsohave been and continue to be used to reduce outdoor to indoor noisetransmission. These materials, however, could have a very detrimentalimpact on a first condensing surface of exterior building envelopeenclosures, such as those depicted in FIGS. 1A-1D. As one addsinsulation to cavities between the finished space and the exterior wall,the less conditioned heated air can be absorbed by the first surface tocondense.

A global problem with all the conventional exterior building envelopeenclosures, such as those depicted in FIGS. 1A-1D, is that they areassembled using structural metal vertical and horizontal framing.Thermal exchange impacts interior surface conditions of structural metalframing at both vision and opaque areas. Opaque or hidden areas presenta more profound problem since they are typically outside the mechanicalboundary and are encased by finished assemblies, comprised of verticalmetal stud and sheetrock. These encased finished assemblies creatediscrete vertical chambers wherein air is substantially trapped orlimited in its ability to promote sufficient convection of tempered airwhich passes through the sheetrock and to allow any collected water tosimply evaporate over time. The interior plane and other tubularsurfaces of the structural metal vertical and horizontal framing of thecurtainwall and/or window walls are defined as the first surface tocondense. In cold climates, structural metal framing increases the riskof interior water vapor condensing on these surfaces, which is anunwanted condition. In warm climates the interior surface temperatureincreases as a result of the structural metal framing, and coolingsystems can promote condensation forming on exterior surfaces, which isan unwanted condition.

A global problem with the sequence of field installation is that siteconditions may be optimal for installation of window wall or curtainwall modules but not optimal for application of sealants used to marryvertical and horizontal primary air seals. Often it is difficult tomeasure the amount of moisture or other surface contaminant which may bepresent on the surfaces of materials to be joined and which can limitoptimal adhesion of silicone to substrate surfaces. Regardless,installation often proceeds, and best efforts are employed by personsskilled and experienced. However, after the installation is completed,checking that all these hidden seals have been optimally applied andhave cured properly requires field testing at each location, since theyare hidden from view. This is a cost-prohibitive exercise, and,therefore, only random field testing is usually employed. Visualinspection of all critical primary air seals is certainly a preferredpath but is not often viable with certain system designs.

FIG. 1E shows conventional metal vertical framing 10. Vertical framing10 may include a vertical air seal 50 where a site-installed marriagebead is located. Architectural fascia 55 can be attached to the verticalframing 10. FIG. 1F shows conventional metal horizontal framing 65. Thehorizontal framing 65 may include a horizontal air seal 60 where asite-installed marriage bead is located. Architectural fascia 55 can beattached to the horizontal framing 65.

Repairing or replacing a compromised primary air seal barrier, such asthose depicted in FIGS. 1E and 1F, is complicated due to its hiddennature, and often the only corrective measure is to place a seal on theinterior surface or access the exterior surfaces of the exteriorbuilding envelope enclosure and apply a face seal. Both methods are notpreferred remedies and result in unwanted conditions.

Window wall systems which use non-structural insulated panels to enclosea building are typically fastened, from the exterior, to at least oneinterior vertical structural metal stud. Accessing this fasteninglocation from the exterior is time consuming, increases insuranceexposures, is impacted by weather, and requires specialized equipment toaccess it with either pipe scaffolding, man lifts and hanging scaffolds.Furthermore, insulation connected to a metal layer, or sandwichedbetween two metal layers, can be damaged when site drilling through theinsulated panel. Fastening from the exterior requires multiple steps andare typically as follows. Step 1—Pre-drill an oversized access hole inthe insulated panel. Step 2—Place a self-drilling fastener into theaccess hole. Step 3—Drill fastener and thread the interior verticalmetal reinforcement. Step 4—Place leveling shims. Step 5—Properly torquethe fastener to join the insulated panel to the interior vertical metalreinforcement. The requirement for multiple steps complicates theprocess and requires multiple tools, drill bits and careful attention.Additionally, the next panel cannot be installed until these steps arecompleted, and this, therefore, presents the risk of slowing down theprocess. Also, for example, when typical fasteners are tightened, theouter metal layer of the insulated panel can be displaced radiallyinward, such that the insulation can yield and the insulated panel canbe compromised, which are unwanted conditions.

Accordingly, there is a need for a spandrel assembly which incorporatesan architectural fascia, such as glass, head receptors and sub-sillswith a modest vertical height and other built-in design methods topromote water drainage and drying of drainage path in all weatherconditions, and pre-installed fasteners.

Accordingly, there is a need for a window wall assembly witharchitectural fascia such as glass and without structural metal verticaland horizontal frame parts.

Accordingly, there is a need for a window wall assembly with primary airseals placed on the interior, and sealed so they will not substantiallyimpact the thermal properties, wherein the primary air seals can beinstalled when the exterior building envelope enclosure is substantiallycompleted and interior conditions are optimal for cleaning and preparingsurfaces which will receive primary seals. This allows for visualinspection of all primary air seals, along with random field testing byan independent laboratory as may be required.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide an exterior building envelopeenclosure that allows for optimal indoor air quality. With optimalrelative humidity levels being a large component of indoor air quality,the elimination of metal vertical and horizontal framing from windowwalls reduces risk. Optimal indoor air quality with optimal relativehumidity levels must be achieved without increasing risk of water vaporcondensing on interior surfaces of the exterior building envelopeenclosure and introducing great risks associated with mold growth

Accordingly, there is a need to manage water vapor which condenses in aninterior unconditioned space.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a spandrel assemblythat can collect water that has entered from an outside of a buildingand can channel the collected water back to the outside of the building.

It is also an object of the present invention to reduce the height ofthe walls of a sub sill necessary to reduce risk of condensationoccurring on interior surfaces, in order to ensure that a bottom of aprimary window wall does not make contact with water collected in thesub sill and that the sub sill manages drainage of water and drying ofthe drainage path, as required.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a spandrelarchitectural fascia which can be applied with adhesive tape or siliconeto a spandrel frame assembly and thereby protect the spandrel frameassembly from direct contact with the exterior environment, in both coldand warm climates, and decrease thermal transfer.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a spandrelassembly architectural fascia which allows an approximately1″+/−vertical gap. This gap allows the sub-sill to drain through anactuated scupper as well as through vertical wet downtubes.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a spandrelassembly architectural fascia which allows an approximately1″+/−vertical gap. This gap allows for an assembly which uses variousmethods to collect and concentrate wind air pressure and to promotedrainage of the sub sill and enhance drying of wet downtube surfaces,thereby reducing risks associated with standing water and ice build-up.

It is also an object of the present invention to eliminate the need forneedlessly complex and difficult-to-join-together vertical andhorizontal metal framing at glass shadow box and other opaque windowwall areas.

It is also an object of the present invention to introduce a sub-silland head receptor which act to clasp insulated panels so that insulationmaterial will remain adhesively joined to the outer and inner layers ofthe insulated panel assembly.

It is also an object of the present invention to create an architecturalwindow wall with a substantial reduction in material components andassembly steps.

It is also an object of the present invention to create astructural-insulated panel by using structural silicone to join togethera non-structural insulated panel to an exterior or interior locatedstructural diaphragm. When the structural diaphragm, such as glass orother architectural fascia, is located as defined by the design team, onthe exterior and or interior, an enhanced architectural window wall isrealized.

It is also an object of the present invention to utilize a precisevolume of structural silicone to join together a non-structuralinsulated panel to an exterior or interior located structural diaphragmso as to spread imposed loads such as wind pressure over an areasufficient to avoid compromising insulation material adhesive propertiesto the outer and inner layers of the insulated panel assembly.

It is also an object of the present invention to realize an additionalfree benefit from the enhanced architectural window wall describedabove. When joining the materials as described above, we have anassembly that has advanced acoustical properties, specifically thosedefined and measured by Outdoor to Indoor Transmission Class (“OITC”).

It is also an object of the present invention to utilize existing,mature, plentiful, automated and semi-automated insulated glass assemblymachines. The system assembly steps have been optimized so they do notsubstantially disrupt existing processing steps of the automated and orsemi-automated insulated glass assembly machine. This creates all typesof benefits to the advanced architectural window wall including qualityof finished product, easier to predict scheduling, and a lesscomplicated scalable business.

It is also an object of the present invention to eliminate the need todrill and fasten an insulated panel from the exterior to a variable dryside reinforcement.

It is also an object of the present invention to preload fasteningpoints in areas protected by fire resistant structural silicone or otheradhesive methods and to provide access to these fastening points fromthe interior, thereby eliminating the need to drill and fasten from theexterior and or interior.

It is also an object of the present invention to eliminate the need toinstall internal dry side vertical reinforcement of window wall inadvance of the exterior building envelope enclosure being mounted to thebuildings structure, since internal dry side vertical reinforcement getsin the way of interior installation.

It is also an object of the present invention to reduce the risk ofinterior condensation forming by optimizing air flow between typicalmechanical boundary conditions such as sheetrock walls and the interiorsurface of the exterior building envelope enclosure.

According to embodiments of the invention, there is provided a moisturemanagement assembly for an interior unconditioned space between aninterior finish of a building and a portion of an exterior envelopeenclosure. The moisture management assembly may include a sub sill and amounting trough, both extending in a lengthwise direction in theinterior unconditioned space. The sub sill may have a bottom, anexterior wall, and an interior wall. The mounting trough may be locatedbetween the sub sill and the interior finish. The mounting trough mayinclude a bottom, an interior wall, and either the mounting trough'sexterior wall is the sub sill's interior wall or the mounting trough'sexterior wall is connected to the sub sill's interior wall. The mountingtrough may be configured to collect moisture between the mountingtrough's interior wall and the exterior wall.

In some embodiments of the invention, the mounting trough is locatedbetween the sub sill and the interior finish of at least a first and asecond room of the building. In such embodiments, the mounting troughmay not include an obstruction preventing moisture which has collectedin a portion of the mounting trough located in a portion of the interiorunconditioned space of the first room from dispersing to a portion ofthe mounting trough located a portion of the interior unconditionedspace of the of the second room's interior unconditioned space.

In some embodiments of the invention, the moisture management assemblyfurther includes a plurality of dry-side vertical structuralreinforcements extending in the vertical direction in the interiorunconditioned space. Each of the plurality of dry-side verticalstructural reinforcements may have a plurality of holes extendingthrough its dry-side vertical structural reinforcement in the lengthwisedirection. The plurality of holes may be configured to allow air andwater vapor to flow through the plurality of dry-side verticalstructural reinforcements in the lengthwise direction between a portionof the interior unconditioned space of the first room and a portion ofthe interior unconditioned space of the second room.

In some embodiments of the invention, at least one panel of the exteriorenvelope enclosure has a lower portion located between the sub sill'sinterior wall and exterior wall and the at least one panel is attachedto at least one of the plurality of dry-side vertical structuralreinforcements. The mounting trough may be configured to collectmoisture which has condensed on an inner surface of the at least onepanel and/or on an outer surface of the sub sill's interior wall. Themoisture management assembly may further comprise a horizontal air seallocated between the interior wall of the sub sill and the lower portionof the at least one panel. The horizontal air seal may be configured toprevent water which has condensed on the inner surface of the at leastone panel from entering between the interior wall and exterior wall ofthe sub sill.

In some embodiments of the invention, the moisture management assemblymay further include a sensor located on an interior surface of the atleast one panel, wherein the sensor is a temperature sensor and/or ahumidity sensor configured to detect if the interior surface of the atleast one panel is below the dew point; and/or if the mounting troughhas collected an amount of water above a predetermined volume. Themoisture management assembly may further include a fan located in theinterior unconditioned space. The moisture management assembly may beattached to at least one of the plurality of dry-side verticalstructural reinforcements. The fan may be connected to a vent in theinterior finish, such that the fan can direct air between the interiorunconditioned space and an interior conditioned space located on anopposite side of the interior finish than the interior unconditionedspace.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan is configured to pull airfrom the interior conditioned space into the interior unconditionedspace if the sensor detects that the interior surface of the at leastone panel is below the dew point. The fan include a first tube extendinginto the mounting trough, the first tube configured to allow the fan topull moisture which has collected in the mounting trough through thefirst tube into the fan to phase change the moisture into vapor.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan further includes a heater.The fan may be configured to pull moisture which has collected in themounting trough through the first tube into the fan to phase change themoisture into vapor via the heater, heat air pulled from the interiorconditioned space via the heater, and/or direct the vapor and/or theheated air towards the interior surface of the at least one panel, ifthe sensor detects that the interior surface of the at least one panelis below the dew point, and/or if the mounting trough has collected anamount of water above a predetermined volume.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan further includes ahumidifier. If a hygrometer located in the interior conditioned spacedetects that the humidity in the interior conditioned space is below apredetermined humidity level, then the fan may direct air into theinterior conditioned space and pull moisture which has collected in themounting trough and the humidifier, and the humidifier may utilize themoisture to humidify air directed into the interior conditioned space.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan is part of an airconditioner. In such embodiments, the first tube of the fan may beconnected to the air conditioner, such that water pulled from air whichhas been cooled by the air conditioner can drain into the mountingtrough. Alternatively, the air conditioner may have a second tubeextending into the mounting trough, such that water pulled from airwhich has been cooled by the air conditioner can drain into the mountingtrough.

According to some embodiments of the invention, there is provided awindow wall assembly and a method of manufacturing the window wallassembly. The window wall assembly may include an insulated panel, anarchitectural fascia panel on the exterior and or interior of theinsulated panel, and at least one spacer located between an outside ofthe insulated panel and an interior side of the architectural fasciapanel. The at least one spacer may create a gap between the first sheetof the insulated panel and the architectural fascia panel. The windowwall assembly may include a layer of nonconducting material within atleast a portion of the gap between the first sheet of the insulatedpanel and the architectural fascia panel. The layer of nonconductingmaterial may be adhesive. The layer of nonconducting material mayinclude an adhesive configured to bond the first sheet of the insulatedpanel and the architectural fascia panel or may be attached by adhesiveto the first sheet of the insulated panel and the architectural fasciapanel.

The window wall assembly may include a first fastener. The architecturalfascia panel may have structural diaphragm properties, such as a sheetof glass, steel, aluminum, or fiber glass reinforced concrete.

The insulated panel may include a layer of insulation sandwiched betweena first sheet and a second sheet. The first sheet may be substantiallyparallel to the second sheet. The first and second sheets may be a firstthin metal sheet and a second thin metal sheet. The layer of insulationmay be adhered to the first and second sheets.

The insulated panel may have at least one hole extending through theinsulated panel. The architectural fascia panel may be substantiallyparallel and proximal to the first sheet.

The first fastener may include an inner section inserted into the atleast one hole, an outer section extending into the layer ofnonconducting material, and a flange located between the inner and outersection of the first fastener. The inner section of the first fastenermay be hollow and include threading on the inside. The outer section mayinclude at least one radially projecting structure on an outsidethereof.

The outer section may include threading on an outside of the outersection. The threading of the outer section can be used to assist inreplacement of architectural fascia as well as added surface area forsilicone to adhere to. The flange may have a greater lateral dimensionthan the radius of the at least one hole. The flange may be connected tothe at least one layer of nonconducting material. The flange may abutthe outside of the first sheet.

The window wall assembly may include a second fastener having a flangeand a threaded rod. The flange of the second fastener may have a greaterlateral dimension than the radius of the at least one hole. The flangeof the second fastener may abut an outside of the second sheet. Thethreaded rod may be attached to the threading of the inner section ofthe first fastener. The threaded rod may extend through the at least onehole and out into an interior of a building in a direction away from theflange of the second fastener.

A section of the threaded rod extending into the interior of thebuilding may be connected to a dry-side structural reinforcement. Thedry-side structural reinforcement may be a metal stud. The dry-sidestructural reinforcement may run from a portion of a bottom surface ofan upper concrete slab to a portion of the upper surface of a bottomconcrete slab of the building. The dry-side structural reinforcement mayhave a plurality of holes that are perpendicular to the insulated panelwhich allow air to flow through the dry-side structural reinforcement ina direction substantially parallel to the insulated panel.

In some embodiments of the invention, the window wall assembly mayinclude a head receptor extending in a lengthwise direction. The headreceptor may include a top, an inner wall, and an outer wall forming anupside-down U shape or an upside-down trough-like shape. The headreceptor may be connected to the upper floor slab. A top portion of theinsulated panel extending above the architectural fascia panel may sitbetween the top, inner wall and the outer wall of the head receptor. Theheights of the inner and outer walls of the head receptor may restrict amovement of the insulated panel in a direction transverse to thelengthwise direction. The window wall assembly may include at least oneprimary horizontal air seal located between a second portion of theoutside of the second sheet and a portion of an inside of the inner wallof the head receptor.

In some embodiments of the invention, the window wall assembly mayinclude a sub sill extending in a lengthwise direction. The sub sill mayinclude a bottom, an inner wall, and an outer wall forming a U shape ora trough-like shape. The sub sill may be connected to the lower floorslab. A bottom portion of the insulated panel extending below thearchitectural fascia panel may sit between the bottom, inner wall andthe outer wall of the sub sill. The heights of the inner and outer wallsof the sub sill may restrict a movement of the insulated panel in adirection transverse to the lengthwise direction. The sub sill may haveat least one slit hole, of opening to an outside of the building. Insome embodiments of the invention, the sub sill's opening to the outsideof the building may be a scupper which opens out to the outside of thebuilding only when a weight of water collected in the sub sill is abovea predetermined weight.

The window wall assembly may include at least one primary horizontal airseal located on and accessible from the interior dry-side of thebuilding, and located between a first portion of an outside of thesecond sheet and a portion of an inside of the inner wall of the subsill.

In some embodiments of the invention, the window wall assembly mayinclude a lower starter track connected the lower floor slab. The lowerstarter track may extend along the direction substantially parallel tothe lengthwise direction of the sub sill. The bottom of the sub sill maybe connected to a first portion of a top surface of the lower startertrack. A dry-side structural reinforcement may extend from a secondportion of the top surface of the lower starter track.

The window wall assembly may include an upper starter track connected tothe upper flow slab. The lower starter track may extend along thedirection substantially parallel to the lengthwise direction of the headreceptor. The top of the head receptor may be connected to a firstportion of a bottom surface of the upper starter track. The dry-sidestructural reinforcement may extend from a second portion of the bottomsurface of the upper starter track.

The insulated panel may be connected to the dry-side structuralreinforcement, such that there is a height of space between the bottomof the insulated panel and the inner wall, the outer wall, and thebottom of the sub sill, such that water accumulating in the sub silldoes not touch the bottom of the insulated panel.

In some embodiments of the invention, the window wall assembly includesat least one primary vertical air seal located on and accessible fromthe interior dry-side of the building, and located between the insulatedpanel and a second adjacent insulated panel.

In some embodiments of the invention, the window wall assembly includesa drain hole located in the bottom of the sub sill which is connected toa downtube. Water that may be collected in the sub sill can exit to theoutside of the building via the drain hole and down tube.

In some embodiments of the invention, the window wall assembly includesan air channel having an air entrance located outside of the building; awater exit located outside of the building and below the air entrance;and a water entrance located below the air entrance and connected to thedown tube. Water that may be collected in the sub sill can exit to theoutside of the building through the water exit of the air channel. Theair channel may have at least one of an air guide attached to the airentrance of the air channel to guide air from outside of the buildinginto the air entrance; and an air deflector attached to the exit of theair channel angled to control the volume of outside air entering intothe exit of the air channel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order for the present invention to be better understood and for itspractical applications to be appreciated, the following Figures areprovided and referenced hereafter. It should be noted that the Figuresare given as examples only and in no way limit the scope of theinvention. Like components are denoted by like reference numerals.

FIG. 1A is a vertical cross-sectional view of a window wall system of anexterior wall system as known in the art;

FIG. 1B is a vertical cross-sectional view of a curtain wall system asknown in the art;

FIGS. 1C and 1D are vertical cross-sectional views of hybridwindow/curtain wall systems as known in the art;

FIG. 1E depicts conventional metal vertical framing used in buildings asknown in the art;

FIG. 1F depicts conventional metal horizontal framing used in buildingsas known in the art;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are a cutaway perspective views of a water drainingspandrel assembly of a window wall system of a building, according toone embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2C is a close-up view of a cutaway perspective view of a waterdraining spandrel assembly, according to another embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 2D is a close-up cutaway side view of a water draining spandrelassembly, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the water draining spandrel assemblyof a window wall system of a building, according to one embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of a termination of the water drainingspandrel assembly of a window wall system of a building, according toone embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of a midsection of the water drainingspandrel assembly of a window wall system of a building, according toone embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a top cutaway perspective view of the midsection of the waterdraining spandrel assembly of a window wall system of a building,according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7A is a cutaway perspective view of the water draining spandrelassembly of a window wall system of a building showing a primary windowwall substrate, according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7B is a cutaway side view of the water draining spandrel assemblyof a window wall system of a building showing a primary window wallsubstrate, according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8A is a cutaway perspective view of the water draining spandrelassembly of a window wall system of a building showing a lower spandreland a higher primary window wall substrate, according to one embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 8B is a cutaway side view of the water draining spandrel assemblyof the window wall system of the building showing the lower spandrel anda higher primary window wall substrate;

FIG. 9A is a view of the window wall assembly engaged with waterdraining spandrel assembly of the window wall system of the buildingfrom the inside of the building, according to one embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 9B is a view of the of the window wall assembly fastened to dryside vertical reinforcement having holes designed into the web anddesigned to assist horizontal and vertical flow of heat radiatingthrough finished sheet rock wall assembly, according to one embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 10A-E are cutaway perspective views of a primary window wallsubstrate, according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a structuralinsulated panel, according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a cutaway side view of a water management assembly of anexterior building envelope enclosure, according to one embodiment of theinvention;

FIGS. 13-15 are cutaway perspective views of the water managementassembly of an exterior building envelope enclosure, according to oneembodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view of a system to deal with condensate inaccordance with embodiments of the invention.

It will be appreciated that, for simplicity and clarity of illustration,elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale.For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggeratedrelative to other elements for clarity. Further, where consideredappropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures toindicate corresponding or analogous elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description, various aspects of the present inventionare described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations anddetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofthe present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled inthe art that the present invention may be practiced without the specificdetails presented herein. Furthermore, well known features may beomitted or simplified in order not to obscure the present invention.

Reference is made to FIGS. 2A and 2B, which are cutaway perspectiveviews of a water draining spandrel assembly 100 of a window wall systemof a building, according to one embodiment of the invention. The waterdraining spandrel assembly 100 can collect water which has entered fromthe outside of the building and can channel the collected water back tooutside of the building.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the water draining spandrel assembly 100can be attached to an edge of the floor slab 101 of the building tocover the edge of the floor slab 101. The floor slab 101 can be madefrom concrete, steel, any other suitable material, or any combinationthereof.

The spandrel assembly 100 can include an upper starter track 105, alower starter track 107, a sub sill or sill receptor 109, a headreceptor 111, a down tube 113, an air channel 115, and an exteriorspandrel panel unit 103.

The upper starter track 105 can be a lengthwise metal extrusion such asa steel extrusion, with a back top surface 116, a front top surface 117,a bottom surface 119, a vertical guide leg 120, a front wall 121, and alengthwise hollow area 123.

The upper starter track 105 can be attached to the floor slab 101 byinserting at least one anchor 127 downward through the back top surface116 and bottom surface 119 of the upper starter track 105, and into anupper surface of the floor slab 101. The bottom surface 119 of the upperstarter track 105 can be parallel to a top surface of the floor slab101. The at least one anchor 127 can be inserted through a washer 125.The back top surface 116 of the upper starter track 105 can have aserrated surface, and a bottom of the washer 125 can have a serratedsurface, both in order to aid in attaching the upper starter track 105to the floor slab 101.

A width (i.e., the front-to-back distance) of the bottom surface 119 ofthe upper starter track 105 and/or a height between the bottom surface119 and back top surface 116 of the upper starter track 105 are largeenough so that the upper starter track 105 can resist bending towards oraway from the outside of the building. A width of the back top surface116 of the upper starter track 105 allows the anchors of the upperstarter track 105 to be attached to an upper surface of the floor slab101 which is interior to the edge of the floor slab 101. The fartherinterior the anchor is affixed from the edge of the floor slab 101, themore structural integrity there is between the upper starter track 105and the floor slab 101. Additionally, the farther interior the anchor isaffixed from the edge of the floor slab 101, the fewer anchors will beneeded to secure the starter track 105 to the floor slab 101.

In some embodiments of the invention, at least one shim (not shown) canbe located between the bottom surface 119 of the upper starter track 105and an upper surface of the floor slab 101, which shim can be compressedwhen the upper starter track 105 is attached to the floor slab 101.Sealant 128 can be applied along the lengthwise direction of the upperstarter track 105 between a bottom edge of the bottom surface 119 of theupper starter track 105 and the upper surface of the floor slab 101, soas to provide an air, water, fire, and smoke seal between floors of thebuilding. The sealant 128 can be silicone, such as DOW 795, or any othersuitable seal material that is known in the art.

The vertical guide leg 120 of the upper starter track 105 can be locatedbetween the back 116 and front 117 top surfaces of the upper startertrack 105 and can extend in an upward direction away from back 116 andfront 117 top surfaces of the upper starter track 105 along thelengthwise direction of the upper starter track 105. In some embodimentsof the invention, the vertical guide leg 120 can be perpendicular to thebottom surface 119 of the upper starter track 105.

The front wall 121 of the upper starter track 105 can extend in anupward direction between an end of the front top surface 117 and an endof the bottom surface 119 of the upper starter track 105. The front wall121 can be perpendicular to the bottom surface 119 of the upper startertrack 105.

The lengthwise hollow area 123 can be located between the front topsurface 117, a section of the vertical guide leg 120, a section of thebottom surface 119, and the front wall 121 of the upper starter track105. The lengthwise hollow area 123 can be used to connect the upperstarter track 105 to an adjoining upper starter track by, for example,inserting a connector (not shown) partly through the lengthwise hollowarea 123 of upper starter track 105 and partly through the lengthwisehollow area 123 of the adjoining upper starter track. The lengthwisehollow area 123 can also manage potential water migration through anymechanical fasteners that are attached through the sub sill 109 and intothe front top surface 117 of the upper starter track 105, by trappingthe water therein until it evaporates.

The sub sill 109 can be mechanically connected or welded to the upperstarter track 105. The sub sill can be a lengthwise metal extrusion,such as a steel extrusion. The sub sill 109 can have a front wall 137, aback wall 139, a bottom wall 141, which together form a U or trough-likeshape for collecting water that has entered from an outside of thebuilding. The sub sill 109 can be configured to accept and hold a bottomof a primary window wall substrate (not shown) between the front wall137 and back wall 139 of the sub sill 109. The primary window wallsubstrate can be the insulated panel described in FIGS. 10A-E, asdescribed hereinbelow. The shape of the sub sill 109 can contain a microclimate and force the dew point away from interior surfaces of the subsill 109 in order to reduce the risk of ice-dams. The front wall 137 andback wall 139 of the sub sill 109 can brace the ends of insulated panel,and may have a vertical height necessary to achieve a water head orweight that is able to oppose the exterior winds and drain from thesub-sill through a weep slot or hole. Without there being a proper draindesign, water will enter into the dry side or interior of the enclosedbuilding.

The front wall 137 and the back wall 139 of the sub sill 109 can beparallel to the vertical guide leg 120 of the upper starter track 105.In some embodiments of the invention, the front wall 137 and the backwall 139 of the sub sill 109 may be perpendicular to the bottom 141 ofthe sub sill 109.

The back wall 139 of the sub sill 109 can abut a front surface of thevertical guide leg 120 of the upper starter track 105. Sealant 128′ canbe applied between the back wall 139 of the sub sill 109 and thevertical guide leg 120 of the upper starter track 105 so as to create anair and water seal. The sealant 128′ can be silicone, such as DOW 795,or any other suitable seal material that is known in the art.

The front wall 137 of the sub sill 109 can have a rubber gasket 122which can provide a water and air seal when the primary window wallsubstrate is held in the sub sill 109. The rubber gasket 122 can extendalong an upper inside portion of the front wall 137 of the sub sill 109in the lengthwise direction of the sub sill 109.

The bottom wall 141 of the sub sill 109 can be parallel to the front topsurface 117 of the upper starter track 105. The bottom wall 141 of thesub sill 109 can have at least one opening 142 for channeling watercollected in the sub sill 109 to a corresponding down tube 113. Each ofthe at least one opening 142 may be located above the corresponding downtube 113. The down tube 113 can have a hollow inside which is able tohold a sufficient weight of water to counteract against any air pressureexerted into the exit of the down tube 113.

In some embodiments of the invention, the sub sill 109 can include avertical guide leg 144 extending downward from a bottom surface of thebottom wall 141 of the sub sill 109 along the lengthwise direction ofthe sub sill 109. The vertical guide leg 144 of the sub sill 109 can beparallel to the front wall 137 and back wall 139 of the sub sill 109.The vertical guide leg 144 of the sub sill 109 can be parallel to andabut the front wall 121 of the upper starter track 105. In someembodiments of the invention, the vertical guide leg 144 isperpendicular to the bottom wall 141 of the sub sill 109. A rubbergasket 122 can be located between vertical guide leg 144 of the sub sill109 and the front wall 121 of the upper starter track 105 along alengthwise direction of the sub sill 109 in order to provide an air andwater seal.

The vertical guide leg 144 of the sub sill 109 can divide a bottomsurface of the bottom wall 141 of the sub sill 109 into a front bottomsurface 143 and a back bottom surface 145. The back bottom surface 145of the sub sill 109 can be mechanically attached or welded to the fronttop surface 117 of the upper starter track 105. The front bottom surface143 of the sub sill 109 can be mechanically attached or welded to thedown tube 113.

The lower starter track 107 can be a lengthwise metal extrusion such asa steel extrusion, with a base 130 and a vertical guide leg 131. Thebase 130 and the vertical guide leg 131 of the lower starter track 107can be perpendicular. The base 130 and vertical guide leg 131 can forman upper case “L” shape.

The lower starter track 107 can be attached to the floor slab 101 byinserting at least one anchor 127′ upward through a bottom surface 133and a top surface 134 of the base 130 of the lower starter track 107 andinto a bottom surface of the floor slab 101. The top surface 134 of thebase 130 can be parallel to the bottom surface of the floor slab 101.The at least one anchor 127′ can be inserted through a washer 125′ thatcan be placed around a part of the anchor extending below the topsurface 134 of the base 130, and a stud header 127′ can be attached to apart of the anchor extending below the washer 125′. The base 130 of thelower starter track 107 can have a serrated surface located on a backpart of the bottom surface 133, and a top of the washer 125′ can have aserrated surface, both to provide greater frictional force in order toaid in attaching the lower starter track 107 to the floor slab 101.

A width (i.e., the front-to-back distance) of the base 130 of the lowerstarter track 107, and/or a height between the top surface 134 andbottom surface 133 of the lower starter track 107 are large enough sothat the lower starter track 107 can resist bending towards or away fromthe outside of the building. A width of the bottom surface 133 of thelower starter track 107 allows the anchors of the lower starter track107 to be attached to a lower surface of the floor slab 101 which isinterior to the edge of the floor slab 101. The farther interior theanchor is affixed from the edge of the floor slab 101, the morestructural integrity there is between the lower starter track 107 andthe floor slab 101. Additionally, the farther interior the anchor isaffixed from the edge of the floor slab 101, the fewer anchors will beneeded to secure the lower starter track 107 to the floor slab 101.

At least one shim 136 can be located between the top surface 134 of thebase 130 of the lower starter track 107 and the bottom surface of thefloor slab 101, which shim can be compressed when the lower startertrack 107 is attached to the floor slab 101. In some embodiments of theinvention, sealant (not shown) can be applied along the lengthwisedirection of the lower starter track 107 between a top edge of the topsurface 134 of the base 130 and the bottom surface of the floor slab 101to provide an air, water, fire, and smoke seal between floors of thebuilding. The sealant can be silicone, such as DOW 795, or any othersuitable seal material that is known in the art.

The bottom surface 133 of the base 130 of the lower starter track 107can be mechanically attached or welded to the downward extending headreceptor 111.

The head receptor 111 can be mechanically connected or welded to atleast one of the bottom surface 133 of the base 130 of the lower startertrack 107 and the vertical guide leg 148 of the lower starter track 107.The head receptor 111 can be a lengthwise metal extrusion, such as asteel extrusion.

The head receptor 111 can have a top wall 163, a front wall 165, and aback wall 167, which together form a U or trough like shape. The headreceptor 111 can be configured to accept and hold a top of a lowerprimary window wall substrate (not shown) between the front wall 165 andback wall 167 of the head receptor 111.

The back wall 167 of the head receptor 111 can be a receptor clip. Thefront wall 165 and back wall 167 of the head receptor 111 can beparallel to each other. The top 163 of the head receptor can have avertical guide leg 169 located between a front top surface 171 and aback top surface 173 of the top 163 of the head receptor 111, and canextend along a lengthwise direction of the head receptor 111. Thevertical guide leg 169 of the head receptor 111 can be perpendicular tothe top 163 of the head receptor 111. The back top surface 173 of thehead receptor 111 can be mechanically attached or welded to a portion ofthe bottom surface 161 of the lower starter track 107. A back surface ofthe vertical guide leg 169 of the head receptor can be mechanicallyattached or welded to a portion of the wall 159 of the lower startertrack 107.

The front wall 165 and the back wall 167 of the head receptor 111 can beparallel to each other. In some embodiments of the invention, the frontwall 165 and the back wall 167 of the head receptor 111 areperpendicular to the top 163 of the head receptor 111.

The back wall 167 of the head receptor 111 can abut a front surface ofthe vertical guide leg 148 of the lower starter track 107. The back wall167 of the head receptor 111 can be mechanically attached or welded tothe vertical guide leg 148 of the lower starter track 107.

The front wall 165 and back wall 167 of the head receptor 111 can haverubber gaskets 122″ which provide a water and air seal when the lowerprimary window wall substrate is held in the head receptor 111. Therubber gaskets 122″ can extend along an upper inside portion of the backwall 167 and front wall 165 of the head receptor 111.

The front top surface 171 of the top wall 163 of the head receptor 111can be mechanically attached or welded to a bottom of each of the atleast one down tubes 113. Each down tube 113 can have a rectangular orcylindrical body with a hollow inside portion. The hollow portion ofeach down tube 113 can be connected to a corresponding at least oneopening 142 of the sub sill 109.

Each down tube 113 can have a back wall 147, a front wall 149, and apair of side walls (not shown) configured to channel water collected bythe sub sill 109 to an air channel 115. Each down tube 113 can have anexit 153 located in a portion of the front wall 149 which leads to acorresponding air channel 115. The down tube 113 may have a guide 155located below the exit 153 configured to guide a flow of water from thedown tube 113 through the exit 153 and into the air channel 115. Theguide 155 of the water channel 113 may be angled such that a front endof the guide 155 adjacent to the front wall 149 is at a same height asthe bottom of the exit 153, and such that a back end of the guide 155adjacent to the front wall 149 is at a height above the bottom of theexit 153 of the water channel 113.

The down tube 113 may have a top surface (not shown) which can bemechanically attached or welded to the front bottom surface 143 of thebottom 141 of the sub sill 109. The top surface of the down tube 113 canbe perpendicular to the back wall 147, front wall 149 and side walls ofthe down tube 113. The top surface of the down tube 113 may have anopening 151 that is connected to a corresponding opening 142 of the subsill 109. An upper surface of the back wall 147 of the down tube 113 canabut a front surface of the vertical guide leg 144 of the sub sill 109.A portion of an outside surface of the front wall 149 of the down tube113 can be located on a same plane as the front wall 137 of the sub sill109. There may be a space between the back wall 147 of the down tube 113and a side surface of the floor slab 101 for concrete tolerance. Aninsulating material can be located between the down tube 113 and avertical support of the exterior spandrel panel 103. The insulatingmaterial can be located between a shadow box panel (not shown) and thespace between the back wall 147 of the down tube 113 and the sidesurface of the floor slab 101.

A portion of the outside surface of the of the front wall 149 of thedown tube 113 can be mechanically attached or welded to a back surfaceof the vertical guide leg 169 of the head receptor 111. A bottom of thedown tube 113 can be mechanically attached or welded to the front topsurface 171 of the head receptor 111. The front wall of the down tubecan be located on a same plane as the front wall of the sub sill 109 andhead receptor 111.

The air channel 115 may have a front wall 175, a back wall (not shown),two side walls (not shown), an exit 177, an air guide 180, an airentrance 181, and a water entrance 185. The back wall of the air channel115 can be the front wall 137 of the sub sill 109, the front wall 165 ofthe head receptor 111, and the front wall 149 of the down tube 113. Thetwo side walls can be perpendicular to the front wall 175 of the airchannel 115 or otherwise forming a vertical enclosure therewith. Thefront wall 175 of the air channel 115 can be parallel to the front wall149 of the down tube 113. The air entrance 181 of the air channel 115can be located above the water entrance 185 of the air channel 115. Thewater entrance 185 can be located in a back wall (not shown) of the airchannel 115 and be connected to the exit 153 of the down tube 113. Thewater entrance 185 of the air channel 115 can be the exit 153 of thedown tube 113. The exit 177 of the air channel 115 may be located belowthe water entrance 185 of the air channel 115.

The air guide 180 is intended to ensure that there is more air pressurecoming into air channel 115 from the air entrance 181 thereof than fromthe exit 177 thereof. The air guide 180 can be an air scoop mechanicallyattached or welded to the air entrance 181 and angled to guide air fromthe outside of the building into the air entrance 181 in order toincrease the flow of air into the air entrance 181 of the air channel115. The air guide 180 can alternatively be an air deflectormechanically attached or welded to the exit 177 of the air channel 115and angled to inhibit the flow of air from the outside of the buildinginto the exit 177 of the air channel 115 in order to inhibit the flow ofair into the exit 177 of the air channel 115. In some embodiments of theinvention, the air channel 115 can comprise both an air scoop and/or anair deflector (not shown).

In some embodiments the of the invention, the assembly 100 can include asecond down tube which can fit within the down tube 113 and extendthrough the at least one hole 142 of the sub sill 109. An entrance ofthe second down tube can be located above the down tube 113. An air tube(not shown) can have an opening to the outside of the building and anexit to the inside of the down tube 113. The exit of the air tube can belocated above an exit of the second down tube.

An exterior spandrel panel unit 103 can be attached to the spandrelassembly 100 to cover the edge of the floor slab 101. The exteriorspandrel panel 103 can be aesthetic as well as serve utilitarianpurposes of creating a water and air seal between an outside 104 of thebuilding. The exterior spandrel panel 103 can be made from glass, stone,metal, any other suitable material, or any combination thereof. Theexterior spandrel panel unit 103 can be attached to an outside of thefront wall 137 of the sub sill 109, and to an outside of front wall 165of the head receptor 111.

Reference is made to FIG. 2C, which is a close-up view of a cutawayperspective view of an alternative embodiment of the water drainingspandrel assembly 100 of FIG. 2A. as shown in FIG. 2C, the air entrance181 of the air channel 115 can be located below the at least one hole142 of the sub sill 109 and above the exit 153 of the downtube. The airguide 180 can be attached or welded to the air entrance 181 and angledto guide air from the outside of the building into the air entrance 181in order to increase the flow of air into the air entrance 181 of theair channel 115.

Reference is made to FIG. 2D, which is a close-up side view of a cutawayperspective view of an alternative embodiment of the water drainingspandrel assembly 100 of FIG. 2A. In FIG. 2D, in the case of waterdamming, or any other issue which may prevent water that has accumulatedin sub sill 109 from leaving the building via downtube 113, water canexit the sub sill 109 via a scupper 191′, an opening in the sub sill.The scupper 191′ may be configured with a operable top hung flap (notshown), such that it opens only outward, away from the building, anddoes not open inward, towards the sub sill 109, and only when requiredfor water to drain. If the scupper opening 191′ were open no matter thecase to drain or not to drain, excluding exterior air, weather cold orhot from entering the sub-sill and influencing interior surfacetemperatures of sub-sill would be an unwanted condition. The top hungflap of the scupper 191′ may be weighted or otherwise configured suchthat it is opened only once a predetermined volume and/or weight ofwater is collected in the sub sill 109. The scupper 191′ may have adeflector extending from the bottom thereof which draws drained waterleaving the sub sill 109 from scupper 191′ in a direction away from airscoop 180.

In FIG. 2D, an air entrance 181′, which allows air from outside thebuilding to enter the downtube 113, may be located below the at leastone hole 142 of the sub sill 109. A primary exit 177′ may be connectedto the downtube 113 and the air channel 115. The primary exit 177′ mayhave a hinged top hung flap (not shown) which is such that it opens onlyoutward, away from the building, and does not open inward, towards thedowntube 113. The top hung flap of the primary exit 177′ may be weightedor otherwise configured such that it opens only to the outside of thebuilding if the amount or weight of water collected in the downtube 113and/or sub sill 109 is less than what is required to overcome theexterior air pressure, e.g., a predetermined weight. If the amount orweight of water collected in the downtube 113 and/or sub sill 109 issufficient to overcome the exterior air pressure, then water flowingthrough the downtube 113 is channeled through the exit 153 into orthrough the air channel 115 and out to the exterior of the building viaprimary exit 177′, the shortest distance, or exit 177. Exit 177 may havea deflector attached to it to deflect air from entering the air channel115 via the exit 177.

In some embodiments of the invention, the downtube 113 may have a secondscupper (not shown) located above the primary exit 177′ configured toallow water to exit to the exterior of the building if primary exit 177′and/or exit 177 are blocked or clogged.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which is a top perspective view of waterdraining spandrel assembly 100 of a window wall system of a building,according to one embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, the water draining spandrel assembly 100 can includemore than one connected sub sill 109. Each of the more than oneconnected sub sill 109 can be mechanically connected or welded to theupper starter track 105. In some embodiments of the invention, there maybe more than one connected upper starter track 105; however, in order toincrease structural integrity of the assembly 100, a connection of anytwo adjacent upper starter tracks 105 is, in preferred embodiments, notaligned with a connection of two adjacent sub sills 109. The connectionbetween two adjacent upper starter tracks 105 can include a verticalmarriage bead 193. The vertical marriage bead 193 may be a sealant suchas silicone, such as DOW 795, or any other suitable seal material thatis known in the art, along with a pre cured sheet of silicone, forexample DOW 123 strip or equal.

At least one vertical slit 191 can be located in the front wall 137 ofthe sub sill 109. The at least one vertical slit 191 can lead to theoutside 104 of the building and can be used to allow water collected inthe sub sill 109 to exit to the outside 104 of the building. The atleast one vertical slit 191 can be located at a connection point betweentwo adjacent sub sills 109. Rubber gaskets 122 can be located on anupper inside portion of the front walls 137 of the sub sills 109.

The air channel 115 can be mechanically connected or welded to anoutside of the dry verticals and not to any horizontal surface, such asthe sub sill 109 or head receptor 111. In some embodiments of theinvention, the air channel 115 can be connected the wet down tube 113and not to the dry verticals. The air guide 180 can be can be an airscoop mechanically attached or welded to the air entrance 181, andangled to guide air from the outside 104 of the building into the airentrance 181 in order to ensure that there is more air pressure cominginto air channel 115 from the air entrance 181 than from the exit 177.The air entrance 181 can be located outside 104 of the building. The airentrance 181 can be located above the opening 142 in the sub sill 109.The opening 142, located in the bottom wall 141 of the sub sill 109, canlead to the down tube 113.

Reference is made to FIG. 4, which is a top perspective view of a systemtermination of the water draining spandrel assembly 100 of a window wansystem of a building, according to one embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, the water draining spandrel assembly 100 can beconnected to a wall 187 at an end of the sub sill 109 and upper startertrack 105. The back wall 139 of the sub sill 109 can be connected to afront surface of the vertical guide leg 120 of the upper starter track105. The back top surface 116 can be serrated. The rubber gasket 122 canbe located on an upper inside portion of the front wall 137 of the subsill 109. The air guide 180 can be an air scoop mechanically attached orwelded to the air entrance 181 and angled to guide air from the outside104 of the building into the air entrance 181. The air entrance 181 canbe located above the opening 142 located in the bottom wall 141 of thesub sill 109.

Reference is made to FIG. 5 which is a top perspective view of amidsection of the water draining spandrel assembly 100 of a window wallsystem of a building, according to one embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, the water draining spandrel assembly 100, the subsill 109 can have a front wall 137, a back wall 139, and a bottom wall141. The bottom surface (not shown) of the bottom wall 141 of the subsill 109 can be attached to the front top surface 117 of the upperstarter track 105. The opening 142 in the bottom wall 141 of the subsill 109 can be located in a portion of the bottom wall 141 of the subsill 109 which is not above the front top surface 117 of the upperstarter track 105. The air channel 115 can be attached to an outside(not shown) of the front wall 137 of the sub sill 109, and the airentrance 181 and the air guide 180 can be located at a height which isabove the hole 142 of the sub sill 109. The down tube 113 (not shown inFIG. 5) can have a connector 401 with rubber gaskets 403. The connector401 of the down tube 113 can be connected to a vertical support of anadjacent external spandrel unit.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which is a top cutaway perspective view ofthe midsection of the water draining spandrel assembly 100 of a windowwall system of a building, according to one embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the down tube 113 can be located between theexterior spandrel panel unit 103 and an outside edge of the floor slab101. An outside of the front wall 149 of the down tube 113 can beconnected to a shadow box panel 501 of the exterior spandrel panel 103.The down tube 113 can be connected to a vertical support 505 of anadjacent exterior spandrel panel 503 via the connector 401. Theconnector 401 can have rubber gaskets 403 to seal the connection betweenvertical support 505 and down tube 113. The vertical support 505 of theadjacent exterior spandrel panel 503 can have a hollow inside section.The vertical support 505 of the adjacent exterior spandrel panel 503 canbe connected to a shadow box panel 501′ of the adjacent exteriorspandrel panel 503. The shadow box panel 501 can be connected to theexterior spandrel panel 103 via a vertical spacer 509 and sealant 550,such as silicone or another suitable sealant. The shadow box panel 501′can be connected to the exterior spandrel panel 503 via a verticalspacer 509′ and sealant 550′, such as silicone or another suitablesealant. The shadow box panels 501 and 501′ can be a thin sheet. Theshadow box panels 501 and 501′ can be made of any suitable material, forexample a thin metal, such as aluminum or steel. The thickness andelasticity of the shadow box panels 501 and 501′ compared to theexterior spandrel panel 103 can be configured to avoid pillowing or oilcanning of the exterior spandrel panel 103. Similarly, an exteriorwindow panel attached to primary window wall substrate 601 can include ashadow box panel that is configured to avoid pillowing or oil canning ofthe exterior window panel. The primary window wall substrate 601 can bethe insulated panel (1000, 1001, and 1005), as described hereinbelow inFIGS. 10A-E.

The air channel 115 can be connected to an outside of the front wall 149of the downtube 113 that is not connected to the shadow box panel 501 ofthe exterior spandrel panel 103. In one embodiment, the air channel 115can be connected to the outside of the front wall 149 of the downtube113 via a groove or track 507 located on the outside of the front wall.

Reference is made to FIGS. 7A and 7B, which are cutaway perspective andside views, respectively, of the water draining spandrel assembly 100 ofa window wall system of a building showing a primary window wallsubstrate 601.

As shown in FIGS. 7A-B, the bottom 141 of the sub sill 109 can beattached to the front top surface 117 of the upper starter track 105 viaa screw 608, and the connection can be sealed. If the seal on the screw608 is compromised, the lengthwise hollow area 123 of the upper startertrack 105 can collect water from the inside of the sub sill 109 toprevent this water from reaching an interior of the building.

The primary window wall substrate 601 can be connected to an inside ofthe building using a threaded rod 605 and two T-nuts 607. A back end ofthe threaded rod 605 can be used to attach the primary window wallsubstrate 601 to an inside of the building such that there is a spacebetween the bottom of the primary window substrate 601 and a top surfaceof the bottom 141 of the sub sill 109. The primary window wall substrate601 can be metal, wood, stone, brick, or an insulating material. In someembodiments of the invention, the primary window wall substrate 601 canbe a structurally insulated panel. For example, the primary window wallsubstrate 601 can be a layer of foam sandwiched between two sheets, suchas two thin sheets of metal. The insulation layer can be mineral wool,foam, a vacuum insulated panel, or any other type of insulating layer.

In contrast, typical window wall systems have aluminum extrusions whichspan from an inside to an exterior of the building. Aluminum extrusionscreate thermal bridging that increases the heat flow to the exterior andcausing the interior surface temperatures to drop below the dew point.Similarly, aluminum frame shapes designed for use in exterior buildingenvelope enclosures readily allow energy, both heat and vibrations, topass through it. This can increase the risk of condensation on aninterior dry side of the system. One solution to this problem is todesign the aluminum extrusions with a thicker interior to act as a heatsink, e.g., to design the aluminum shapes with increased mass on theinterior to act as a sink for both heat and vibration, energy. Anothersolution is to use thermal breaks, which are heat insulating materialsuch as reinforced polyamide plastic, urethane and the like. However,thermal breaks typically provide only a modest benefit, are difficult tovalue for long term structural integrity, and have unpredictable lifespans. Some embodiments of the present invention may reduce energy, bothheat and/or vibrations, from impacting performance of the exteriorbuilding envelope enclosure, e.g., by thermal bridging, including therisk of condensation on an interior dry side of the assembly byconnecting the primary window wall substrate 601 to an interior dry sideof the system by using intermittingly/sporadically placed threaded rods605.

A horizontal spacer 609 can be located between the primary window wallsubstrate 601 and an exterior window panel 611. Sealant 650′ can beapplied between the exterior window panel 611, the primary window wallsubstrate 601, the horizontal spacer 609, and an outside of thebuilding. A front end of the threaded rod 605 can be used to attach theprimary window wall substrate 601 to the sealant 650′ of exterior windowpanel 611. By connecting the front end of the threaded rod 605 to thesealant 650′, the threaded rod 605 further reduces thermal bridging fromthe outside of the building and the inside of the building.

Sealant 613 can be applied between an upper inside portion of the backwall 139 of the sub sill 109 and an outside back portion of the primarywindow wall substrate 601 in order to create an air and water seal.Sealant 613 can be silicone, for example DOW 121 silicone, or some othersuitable sealant.

A bottom of a structural support beam 615 can be connected to the backtop surface 116 of the upper starter track 105. A top (not shown) of thestructural support beam 615 can be attached to a bottom surface of alower starter track (not shown) attached to an upper floor slab (notshown) above floor slab 101. The shadow box panel 501 can be connectedto the exterior spandrel panel 103 via an upper horizontal spacer 617.Sealant 650, such as silicone, can be located between the shadow boxpanel 501, the front wall 137 of the sub sill 109, the upper horizontalspacer 617, and the outside of the building. The sealant 650 can beattached to an outside surface of the front wall 137 of the sub sill 109via acrylic adhesive tape 675.

As shown in FIG. 7B, at least one shim 780 can be located between thebottom surface 119 of the upper starter track 105 and an upper surfaceof the floor slab 101, which shim 780 can be compressed when the upperstarter track 105 is attached to the floor slab 101.

The upper starter track 105 can be attached to the floor slab 101 byinserting at least one anchor 127 downward through the back top surface116 and bottom surface 119 of the upper starter track 105, and into anupper surface of the floor slab 101. The at least one anchor 127 can beinserted into a washer 125.

At least two threaded rods 605 can be attached to the primary windowwall substrate 601. A back end of the two threaded rods 605 can beattached to a leveling block 690. The back end of the two threaded rods605 can be attached to the leveling block 690 via a bracket 790. In someembodiments of the invention, there is no leveling block 690, and theback end of the two threaded rods 605 can be attached to the bracket790. A front end of the two threaded rods 605 can be connected to theexterior window panel 611 via sealant 650′.

Reference is made to FIGS. 8A and 8B, which are cutaway perspective andside views of the water draining spandrel assembly 100 of a window wallsystem of a building showing a lower primary window wall substrate 701.

As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, lower starter track 107 can be attached tothe floor slab 101 by inserting at least one anchor 703 upward through abottom surface 133 and a top surface 134 of the base 130 of the lowerstarter track 107, and into a bottom surface of the floor slab 101.Sealant 709 can be applied along the lengthwise direction of the lowerstarter track 107 between a top edge of the top surface 134 of the base130 and the bottom surface of the floor slab 101 to provide an air,water, fire, and smoke seal between floors of the building. The sealantcan be silicone, such as DOW 795, or any other suitable sealant.

A top of a structural support beam 721 can be connected to the bottomsurface 133 of the base 130 of the lower starter track 107. A bottom(not shown) of the structural support beam 721 can be attached to a topsurface of an upper starter track (not shown) attached to a lower floorslab (not shown) below floor slab 101.

A horizontal spacer 717 can be located between a lower primary windowwall substrate 701 and a lower exterior window panel 741. Sealant 750,such as silicone or another suitable sealant, can be applied between thelower exterior window panel 741, the lower window wall substrate 701,the horizontal spacer 717, and an outside of the building.

The lower primary window wall substrate 701 can be connected to aninside of the building using a threaded rod 711 and two T-nuts 713. Aback end of the threaded rod 711 can be used to attach the lower primarywindow wall substrate 701 to an inside of the building such that thereis a space between the top of the primary window substrate 701 and abottom surface of the top of the head receptor 111. A front end of thethreaded rod 711 can be used to attach the lower primary window wallsubstrate 701 to the sealant 750 of a lower exterior window panel 741.

Sealant 719 can be applied between a lower edge of the inside of theback wall 167 located below the gasket 122″ of the back wall 167 of thehead receptor 111. Sealant 719 can be silicon, for example DOW 121 orsome other suitable sealant known in the art.

The shadow box panel 501 can be connected to the exterior spandrel panel103 via a lower horizontal spacer 603 and sealant 650″. The sealant 650″can be attached to an outside surface of the front wall 165 of the headreceptor 111 via acrylic adhesive tape 675′.

Reference is made to FIGS. 9A and 9B, which are views of the waterdraining spandrel assembly of the window wall system of the buildingfrom the inside of the building.

As shown in FIG. 9A, a back end 901 of each threaded rod 605 can extendout of the primary window wall substrate 601 in a direction towards theinside of the building. A back end 901′ of each threaded rod 605 of anadjacent primary window wall substrate 601′ can extend out of theadjacent primary window wall substrate 601′ in a direction towards theinside of the building. The leveling block 690 can be attached to two ormore back ends 901 via a bracket 790, and the leveling block 690′ can beattached to two or more back ends 901′ via a bracket 790′. The primarywindow wall substrate panel 601 can be attached to the structuralsupport beam 615 via the back ends 901 of the threaded rods 605, and theadjacent primary window wall substrate panel 601′ can be attached to thestructural support beam 615′ via the back ends 901′ of the threaded rods605. The bottoms of structural support beams 615 and 615′ can beconnected to the back top surface 116 of the upper starter track 105. Atop (not shown) of the structural support beams 615 and 615′ can beattached to a bottom surface of a lower starter track (not shown)attached to an upper floor slab (not shown) above floor slab 101.

The structural support beams 615 and 615′ do not need to be verticalmullions, and the present system does not need or utilize verticalmullions. Rather, the primary air seals of the present invention caninclude the primary horizontal air seals 128 and 128′, and a primaryvertical air seal 903. The vertical air seal 903 can be located at aconnection point of two adjacent primary window wall substrates 601 and601′. The vertical seal 903 can extend from the horizontal air seal 128′to a horizontal air seal (not shown) of a lower starter track (notshown) of the upper floor slab (not shown) above floor slab 101. Bylocating the primary air seals 128, 128′ and 903 on an interior side ofprimary window wall substrates 601 and 601′, and not inside verticalmullions, the primary air seals 128, 128′ and 903 can be more easilymonitored, repaired and/or replaced. The brackets 690 and 691′ can belocated such that they do not cover the vertical seal 903. Thestructural support beams 615 and 615′ can be located such that they donot cover the vertical seal 903.

The structural support beams 615 and 615′ may be hollow. The structuralsupport beams 615 and 615′ can have three walls that form a U-likeshape. The structural support beams 615 and 615′ can have a plurality ofcut out sections 981 in one of the walls of the structural support beams615 and 615′ in order to decrease the weight of the structural supportbeams 615 and 615′ as well as to ensure that nothing but the upperstarter track 109, a lower starter track (not shown) of the upper floorslab (not shown) above floor slab 101, and the primary window wallsubstrate 601 are attached to the structural support beams 615 and 615′.

As shown in FIG. 9B, the structural support beams 615″ can have aplurality of cut out sections 981′ that are perpendicular to theinsulated panel 601 such that air can flow in a direction 999substantially parallel to insulated panel 601. Sheet rock or some othersuitable construction material (not shown) can be installed such thatthe structural support beams 615″ are located between the sheet rock andthe primary window wall substrates 601 and 601′. The cut out sections981′ assist distribution of heat which radiates through a finished sheetrock wall assembly.

Reference is made to FIGS. 10A-E, which are cutaway perspective views ofan insulated window wall substrate 1000, according to one embodiment ofthe invention. The insulated window wall substrate 1000 can include alayer of insulation 1001 sandwiched between a thin exterior metal sheet1003 and a thin interior metal sheet 1005. The layer of insulation 1001can be foam, wool, or any other suitable type of insulating layer.

As can be seen in FIG. 10B, the primary window wall substrate 1000 mayinclude an access hole 1007 that can be bored through the primary windowwall substrate 1000.

As can be seen in FIGS. 10C and 10D, a first part of a fastener 1009 canbe inserted into the access hole 1007. The first part of the fastener1009 may be a T-nut. The first part of the fastener 1009 can include ashaft 1011 extending into the access hole 1007. The access hole 1007 mayhave a lateral dimension large enough to allow the shaft 1011 to fitwithin the access hole 1007, but small enough to prevent the shaft 1011from easily falling out of the access hole 1007 or loosely movingtherein.

The first part of the fastener 1009 may have a hidden first thread 1013.The first part of the fastener 1009 may have a section 1015 with alarger lateral dimension than the radius of the shaft 1011 and largerthan the radius of the access hole 1007. The section 1015 may becircular, square, rectangular, or any other shape as long as the surfacearea of section 1015 is large enough to resist deformation of the thinexterior metal sheet 1003 and the thin interior metal sheet 1005.

The first part of the fastener 1009 may have a section 1017 extendingaway from section 1015 in the direction opposite to the access hole1007. The section 1017 may have threads for reglazing and/or supportingarchitectural fascia shear loads. The threaded section 1017, which isinterior to adhesive 1022, may serve to resist separation of theinsulated panel 1001, 1003, 1005 and exterior architectural facie panel1023 as a result of shear forces and gravity loads. The first part ofthe fastener 1009 may be pressed into the access hole 1007, for exampleusing force, such as via a rubber mallet.

A spacer 1019 can be attached to an outside surface of the thin exteriormetal sheet 1003. The spacer may have a moisture vapor inhibitor 1021 onthe surface of the spacer 109 which abuts the outside surface of thethin exterior metal sheet 1003. The moisture vapor inhibitor 1021 may bepolyisobutylene (PIB) or any other suitable material.

Adhesive 1022 can be used to attach an exterior architectural faciepanel 1023 to the spacer 1019, the outside surface of the thin exteriormetal sheet 1003, and sections 1015 and 1017 of the first part of thefastener 1009. The adhesive 1022 can be silicone or any other suitablematerial. The adhesive 1022 may be fireproof, which protects the firstpart of the fastener 1009 from fire, and may help with heat loss.

The exterior architectural facie panel 1023 may be glass. When theexterior architectural facie panel 1023 is made of a material such asglass, the glass may further protect the thin exterior metal sheet 1003from the effects of fire. When the insulated window wall substrate 1000is connected to the exterior architectural facie panel 1023 by theadhesive 1022, the combination of the insulated window wall substrate1000 and exterior architectural facie panel 1023 may exhibit improvedstructural integrity, reduced energy transfer, and improved acousticdampening.

The spacer may also have moisture vapor inhibitor 1021 on the surface ofthe spacer 1019, which surface is opposite the surface of the spacer1019 that abuts an inside surface of the exterior architectural faciepanel 1023.

The exterior architectural facie panel 1023 acts as a structuraldiaphragm, and, when connected to insulated window wall substrate 1000,as shown in FIGS. 10C and 10D, is a structural insulated panel. Theexterior architectural facie panel 1023 connected to insulated windowwall substrate 1000, as shown in FIGS. 10C and 10D, may also bemanufactured on an automated insulated glass line, and may be quicklyand easily installed from the inside of a building.

As shown in FIG. 10E, a second part of a fastener 1025 can be insertedinto the access hole 1007 and a second thread of the second part of afastener 1025 can be connected to the first thread 1013 of the firstpart of the fastener 1009. The shaft 1011 of the first part of thefastener 1009 can be long enough such that, when the first part 1009 andthe second part 1025 of the fastener are connected, any force exerted onthe connection of the first part 1009 and the second part 1025 of thefastener is not directly on the thin exterior metal sheet 1003. Theshaft 1011 of the first part of the fastener 1009 can be short enoughsuch that, when the first part 1009 and the second part 1025 of thefastener are connected, any force exerted on the connection of the firstpart 1009 and the second part 1025 of the fastener is not directly onthe thin interior metal sheet 1005.

The second part of the fastener 1025 can have a threaded rod 1027 thathas the second thread (not shown). The second part of the fastener 1025can have a section 1029 with a larger lateral dimension than the radiusof the threaded rod 1027 and larger than the radius of the access hole1007. The second part of the fastener 1025 can have a section 1031extending away from section 1029 in the opposite direction of the accesshole 1007. The section 1031 may have threads and may be connectable tothe inside of a building. The second part of the fastener 1025 may behand tightened to the first part of the fastener 1009 to avoid damagingthe insulated window wall substrate 1000.

Reference is made to FIG. 11 which is a flowchart of a method ofmanufacturing a structural insulated panel, according to one embodimentof the invention.

In operation 1101, an access hole (e.g., the access hole 1007 from FIGS.10A-E) can be bored through an insulated window wall substrate (e.g.,the insulated window wall substrate 1000 from FIGS. 10A-E). In operation1103, a shaft of a first part of a fastener (e.g., first part of thefastener 1009 from FIGS. 10C-E) may be inserted through the access hole.The shaft of first part of the fastener may be pressed into the accesshole 1007, e.g., by hammering the first part of the fastener using arubber mallet. In operation 1105, a spacer (e.g., the spacer 1019 fromFIGS. 10C-E) can be attached to an outside surface of the insulatedwindow wall substrate, such that a portion of the first part of afastener extending away from the insulated window wall substrate is onthe same side of the insulated window wall substrate as the spacer.

In operation 1107, an exterior architectural facade panel (e.g., theexterior architectural facie panel 1023 from FIGS. 10C-E) may bepositioned along an outside surface of the spacer opposite to thesurface of the spacer attached to the insulated window wall substrate.In operation 1109, the insulated window wall substrate, the first partof the fastener, the spacer, and architectural facade panel areconnected to each other with a volume of an adhesive (e.g., sealant 1022from FIGS. 10C-E).

Reference is made to FIG. 12 which is a cutaway side view of a watermanagement assembly of an exterior envelope enclosure, according to oneembodiment of the invention. The water management assembly is configuredto manage moister 102 from an interior 104 of the building which getstrapped between an interior finish 117, such as a drywall or a wall madeof sheetrock, and a portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113captured between floors (e.g., slabs 101 and 103) configured to have anarchitectural fascia (e.g., architectural fascia 133 from FIGS. 13 and15) attached thereto.

The water management assembly may include an upper starter track 109connected to an upper floor slab 101, a lower starter track 111connected to the lower floor slab 103, horizontal air seals 121 locatedbetween the lower starter track 111 and the lower floor slab and locatedbetween the upper floor slab 101 and the upper starter track 109, avertical dry side reinforcement 115 connected to the upper and lowerstarter tracks 109 and 111, a head receptor 105 connected to the upperstarter track 109, a sub sill 107 connected to the lower starter track111, a portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113 connected to thehead receptor 105 and sub sill 107, a sensor 251 located on an interiorsurface 153 of the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113 orlocated on an exterior surface 150 of the interior wall of the sub sill107. The starter track 111 may be made from aluminum, fiberglass orother materials.

The sub sill 107 can be a metal extrusion, such as an aluminumextrusion, extending in a lengthwise direction. The sub sill 107 canhave an exterior wall, an interior wall, and a bottom, which togetherform a U or trough-like shape for receiving water that has entered froman outside of the building. The interior wall of the sub sill 107 mayhave a mounting trough having an interior leg 123 and a base 126, which,together with an exterior surface 150 of the interior wall of the subsill 107, form a U-shaped, J-shaped or any other trough like shape whichhas a mounting trough 125 for collecting water 102 which has condensedon an interior surface of the exterior envelope enclosure that is withinthe interior unconditioned space (e.g., water vapor which has traveledthrough the interior finish 117 from an interior 104 of the building andwhich has been trapped between the interior finish 117 and the portionof the exterior envelope enclosure 113). The exterior surface 150 of theinterior wall of the sub sill 107 may have a greater height than theinterior leg 123 of a mounting trough. In embodiments of the inventionwhere the exterior surface 150 is higher than the interior leg 123, atleast the portion of the exterior surface 150 which is higher than theinterior leg 123 may be made from a material which is less likely todrop below the dew point than the material used for the interior leg123. The entire exterior surface 150 may be made of a material which isless likely to drop below the dew point than the material used for theinterior leg 123. In some embodiments of the invention, the interior leg123 of a mounting trough 123 may have the same or greater height thanthe exterior surface 150 of the interior wall of the sub sill 107.

The sub sill 107 and head receptor 105 can be configured to accept abottom of a primary component panel of the exterior envelope enclosurebetween the interior walls and exterior walls of the sub sill 109. Thesub sill 107 and the head receptor 105 may have sealant 119 locatedbetween the interior exterior surface 153 of the portion of the exteriorenvelope enclosure 113 and the interior walls of the sub sill 107 andthe head receptor 105. The sealant 119 located between the interiorexterior surface 153 of the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure113 and the interior wall of the sub sill 107 may be configured toprevent moisture 102 which has traveled through the interior finish 117and which has condensed upon the interior exterior surface 153 of theportion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113 from entering between theexterior and interior walls of the sub sill 107 (e.g., directly belowthe portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113). Rather, moisture102 which condenses upon the interior exterior surface 153 of theportion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113, would travel along theinterior exterior surface 153, in a downward direction, and then travelalong the exterior surface 150 of the interior wall of the sub sill 107,in a downward direction, until the water collects in the mounting trough125. If the water siting in the mounting trough 125 evaporates, it wouldeventually condense on the interior exterior surface 153 of the portionof the exterior envelope enclosure 113 and travel down along theinterior exterior surface 153 of the portion of the exterior envelopeenclosure 113 and the exterior surface 150 of the interior wall of thesub sill 107 until the moisture is back in the mounting trough 125.

The sensor 251 may be a temperature and/or humidity sensor attached to alocation such as, the interior surface 153 of the portion of theexterior envelope enclosure 113 or the exterior surface 150 of theinterior wall of the sub sill 107, such that the sensor can detect whenwater is condensing on the interior exterior surface 153 of the portionof the exterior envelope enclosure 113 or the exterior surface 150 ofthe interior wall of the sub sill 107, without being submerged in watercollected in the mounting trough 125. The sensor 251 may be configuredwarn a user if an amount of water collected in the mounting trough 125has reached or is soon to reach the height of the interior leg 123 of amounting trough 123. The sensor 251 may be configured to detect if theamount of water collected in the mounting trough 125 is above apredetermined volume. In some embodiments of the invention, sensor 251may have a secondary sensor located higher up on the interior exteriorsurface 153 of the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. Insuch embodiments, detection of temperature and/or humidity changes maybe based on the readings of both the sensor 251 and its secondarysensor. The sensor 251 may be configured to detect if the interiorsurface of interior surface 153 of the portion 113 of the exteriorenvelope enclosure is below the dew point.

The vertical dry side reinforcement 115 may have a plurality of holes127 extending in the lengthwise direction to promote air flow in betweenthe interior finish 117 and the portion of the exterior envelopeenclosure 113 (e.g., in a direction substantially parallel to theinsulated panel 113 and/or interior finish 117). The vertical dry-sidestructural reinforcement 115 may be a metal stud that is connected tothe upper and lower floor slabs 101 and 103. The dry-side structuralreinforcement 115 may be attached to the upper and lower floor slabs 101and 103 via the upper and lower starter tracks 109 and 111.

Certain interior areas of the building which have running water (e.g.,bathroom) may be more prone to having moisture 102 travel through theinterior finish 117 and getting stuck between the interior finish 117and the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. In buildingswith vertical dry-side structural reinforcement that do not have aplurality of holes 127 extending in the lengthwise direction, moisture102 that travels through the interior finish 117 may accumulate andcondense only in the section behind the interior finish in trouble areas(e.g., bathroom). By utilizing dry-side structural reinforcement 115having air flow holes 127 promoting air flow in the lengthwisedirection, the moisture 102 in the air may travel to other areas (e.g.,not the bathroom) with less moisture in between the interior finish 117and the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. By dispersingthe moisture 102, instead of trapping it between adjacent dry-sidestructural reinforcements, less water accumulates in one spot fromcondensation, which lowers that chance that the condensed water willcreate mold or exceed the troughs capacity and cause structural damageto structures located between the interior finish and a portion of theexterior envelope enclosure. Additionally, by dispersing the moisture102 and reducing the amount of condensation in one spot, the volume ofwater the mounting trough 125 must hold is lowered (e.g., the height ofthe interior exterior surface 153 of the portion of the exteriorenvelope enclosure 113 or the height of exterior surface 150 of theinterior wall of the sub sill 107 necessary to hold the condensedwater).

In some embodiments of the invention, the assembly includes a fan 253attached to the dry-side structural reinforcement 115. The fan 253 maybe located in an interior unconditioned space between the interiorfinish 117 and the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. Thefan may be connected to a vent 119 in the interior finish 117 whichconnects to an interior conditioned space of the building, such that thefan 253 can direct air from the interior conditioned space 104 of thebuilding into the interior unconditioned space between interior finish(not shown) and the portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. Bypulling warm air from the interior 104 of the building, the fan 253 canwarm a first surface to condense, in the interior unconditioned space,to a temperature that is above the dew point so that the water vaporwill not condense on that surface. The first surface to condense may bethe interior exterior surface 153 of the portion of the exteriorenvelope enclosure 113 and/or the exterior surface 150 of the interiorwall of the sub sill 107.

The mounting trough 125 may be continuous through adjacent sections ofthe sections of the exterior building envelope enclosure of a givenfloor, such that moisture from one room that travels through theinterior finish 117 can be spread out across adjacent sections of thesection of the exterior building envelope enclosure of that floor toreduce the chance of a mounting trough 125 of one section of the windowwall section overflowing. For example, the mounting trough 125 mayextend from through an interior unconditioned space behind interiorfinishing of a first room and through an interior unconditioned spacebehind interior finishing of at least one adjacent room to the firstroom.

The fan 253 may also promote the movement of the air and itsaccompanying moisture through adjacent sections of the exterior buildingenvelope enclosure via the holes 127 in the dry-side structuralreinforcement 115. There may be a series of these dry-side structuralreinforcement 115 in the interior unconditioned space behind interiorfinishing of two or more adjacent rooms which may reduce the need forducting to direct air between those two or more adjacent rooms. Ductsystems can create hidden condensation issues, and thus it is desirableto reduce the amount of ducting necessary to achieve appropriatetemperature and humidity levels inside a building.

The fan 253 may be configured to turn on if the sensor 251 senses apredetermined amount of water (e.g., an amount of water collected in themounting trough 125 has reached or is soon to reach the height of theinterior leg 123 of a mounting trough 123. In some embodiments of theinvention, the fan 253 may be connected to a tube 221 that is connectedto the mounting trough 125, such that when the fan activates, a vacuumwill develop within the tube 221 thereby drawing collected water fromthe mounting trough 125 and phase changing the collected water into avapor. The fan 253 can direct the vapor back through the vent 119 intoconditioned space on the interior 104 of the building, or directedtowards the interior surface 153 of the portion of the exterior envelopeenclosure 113 and/or the exterior surface 150 of the interior wall ofthe sub sill 107, where the moisture will condense and flow along untilit reaches the mounting trough 125. By phase changing water that hascondensed upon interior exterior surface of the portion of the exteriorenvelope enclosure 153 and been collected in mounting trough 125,stagnation of the water, and associated health risks, may be avoided. Insome embodiments of the invention, the fan 253 may include a sterilizer,such as ultraviolet light or a filter.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan 253 may include a steamvaporizer and/or a cool-mist humidifier. For example, it is possiblethat the temperature of the air in the interior conditioned space is nothot enough to raise the surface temperature of the first surface tocondense above the dew point when directed by the fan 253 into theinterior unconditioned space between the between interior finish and theportion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. In such a scenario, thefan 253 may include or be coupled to a heating source, such that the fan253 acts as a steam vaporizer. The vaporizer may heat up the air blownby fan 253 and the fan 253 may direct that hot air towards the firstsurface to condense to raise the surface temperature of the firstsurface to condense above the dew point. The sensor 251 may beconfigured trigger the fan 253 to use the heater if the sensor detectsthe surface temperature of the first surface is below the dew point, orif the temperature of the air in the interior unconditioned space and/orthe air being blown into the interior unconditioned space would causethe surface temperature of the first surface to condense to have atemperature below the dew point.

A healthy humidity level for an interior of a building is typicallyaround 50%. In some embodiments of the invention, the interior 104 ofthe building has a sensor, such as a hygrometer, to measure the humiditylevel of the air in the room. If the humidity is below a predeterminedamount or predetermined percentage, a processor of the fan 253 may beconfigured to turn the fan 253 on, such that the water collected in themounting trough 125 may be used to humidify the room, for example, viathe humidifier or vaporizer. In some embodiments of the invention, thetube 115 may have a generation source, such as a spinning double helix,for generating ultrasonic vibrations to assist humidifying the water.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan 253 utilize the heatsource to perform as a vaporizer. The fan 253, acting as a vaporizer,can suck water from the mounting trough 125, and phase change that waterinto water vapor by heating before blowing it into the interiorunconditioned space so that the water does not stagnate and so that thefirst surface to condense may be heated above the dew point.

In some embodiments of the invention, the fan 253 may be coupled with anair conditioner. Condensate generated when cooling air may be directedthrough the tube 221 to be stored in the mounting trough 125. Byutilizing the mounting trough 125 to collect condensate from the airconditioner, the need to drain water to the exterior is eliminated.Additionally, the water from the air conditioner could then be used bythe fan 253 to humidify the interior 104 of the room when the airconditioner lower the humidity levels in the air in the room to anunhealthy or unwanted amount. In some embodiments of the invention, thefan 253 may be a two-way fan capable of reversing the direction ofblowing and sucking. In some embodiments of the invention, the fan 253may include two different fans which suck and blow in oppositedirections, which can be configured to control air flow between theinside 104 of the building and the area between the portion of theexterior envelope enclosure 113 and the interior finish 117.

The size of the mounting trough 125 may be configured to match theamount of expected condensate.

In some embodiments of the invention, the tube 115, fan 253, or mountingtrough 125 may include an ultraviolet light source to purify the waterto eliminate bacteria and viruses.

Reference is made to FIGS. 13-15, which are cutaway perspective views ofthe water management assembly of the exterior building envelopeenclosure of a building, according to one embodiment of the invention.

In FIG. 13, the lengthwise direction of the flow of air 105 through theplurality of holes 127 in the dry-side structural reinforcements 115 maybe seen. The dry-side structural reinforcements 115 may be connected bybrackets 137 to the portion of the exterior envelope enclosures 113 and113′ via a threaded part 225 of a fastener.

In some embodiments of the invention, there may be a primary verticalair seal 250 between adjacent pairs of portion of the exterior envelopeenclosures 113 and 113′. The primary vertical air seal 250 may beaccessible from the interior of the building. The primary vertical airseal 250 may be a site-married to primary horizontal seals withsilicone. The vertical seal 250 can extend from lower sealant 119 toupper sealant 119. By locating the primary air seals 250 and 121 on aninterior side of a primary component panel of the exterior envelopeenclosure 113 and 113′, and not inside vertical mullions, the primaryair seals 250 and 121 can be more easily monitored, repaired and/orreplaced. The brackets 137 can be located such that they do not coverthe vertical seal 250. The structural support beams 115 can be locatedsuch that they do not cover the vertical seal 250.

In addition to water vapor diffusing from the interior conditioned spacethrough the interior finish 117 into the interior unconditioned spacebetween the interior finish 117 and portion of the exterior envelopeenclosure 113, air and water vapor can travel from the outside of thebuilding into the interior unconditioned space through if the verticalseal 250 is compromised. The sensor 251 may detect a compromisedvertical seal 250 by comparing its temperature and/or humidity readingsto other sensors located in different locations in the interiorunconditioned space. For example, if during the winter, one sensor readsa temperature that is a lot lower than all the other sensors, one caninfer that a vertical seal by that sensor was compromised. Conversely,if during the summer, one sensor reads a temperature that is a lothigher than all the other sensors, one can infer that a vertical seal bythat sensor was compromised.

The portion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113 and its fastener maybe the insulated panel and fastener disclosed in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/961,856, entitled “WATER DRAINING SPANDREL ASSEMBLY ANDINSULATED PANEL WINDOW WALLS”, which is herein incorporated byreference.

In FIG. 14, the architectural fascia 133 can be seen attached to portionof the exterior envelope enclosure 113, and a spandrel panel 135 can beseen attached to the exterior surface of the exterior wall of the subsill 107. There may be adhesive 141 and a spacer 143 located between theportion of the exterior envelope enclosure 113. There may be adhesive141 and a spacer 143 located between the spandrel panel 135 and theexterior surface of the exterior wall of the sub sill 107. The startertrack 111 may be attached to the lower floor slab 103 via a washer andanchor 129.

As can be seen in FIG. 15, in some embodiments of the invention, theremay be brackets 137′ which connect the structural support beams 115 tothe starter tracks 109 and 111 via the anchors 129.

As can be seen in FIG. 16, in some embodiments of the invention,condensate which may collect on interior surface 153 or condensategenerated by mechanical equipment such as humidification, heating andcooling and the like, can be received in first trough 125A wherein thecondensate collects and passes through a one way valve 125B and isreceived in the horizontal oriented sub sill 109 part and then reorientsin the vertically oriented sub sill part or down tubes 113 wherecondensate C collects and drains to the exterior.

As can be seen in FIG. 16 condensate which may collect on the interiorsurface of first long leg of the mounting trough 125 and is received intrough 125 wherein the condensate C collects and evaporates or is usedby the humidifier or the mechanical equipment.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can bepracticed by other than the described embodiments, which are presentedfor purposes of illustration and not limitation. In addition, differentembodiments are disclosed herein, and features of certain embodimentsmay be combined with features of other embodiments, such that certainembodiments may be combinations of features of multiple embodiments.Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur tothose skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention tothe exact construction and operation shown and described, andaccordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resortedto, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention asdefined in the appended claims.

1. A moisture management assembly for an interior unconditioned spacebetween an interior finish of a building or vehicle and a portion of anexterior envelope enclosure, the moisture management assemblycomprising: a sub sill having a bottom, an exterior wall, and aninterior wall extending in a lengthwise direction in the interiorunconditioned space; and a mounting trough extending in the lengthwisedirection and located between the sub sill and the interior finish of atleast a first and a second room of the building or the vehicle, whereinthe mounting trough: includes a bottom, an interior wall, and either themounting trough's exterior wall is the sub sill's interior wall or themounting trough's exterior wall is connected to the sub sill's interiorwall, is configured to collect moisture between the mounting trough'sinterior wall and the exterior wall, and the mounting trough does notinclude an obstruction preventing moisture which has collected in aportion of the mounting trough located in a portion of the interiorunconditioned space of the first room from dispersing to a portion ofthe mounting trough located a portion of the interior unconditionedspace of the of the second room's interior unconditioned space.
 2. Themoisture management assembly of claim 1, further comprising a pluralityof dry-side vertical structural reinforcements extending in the verticaldirection in the interior unconditioned space, wherein each of theplurality of dry-side vertical structural reinforcements have aplurality of holes extending through its dry-side vertical structuralreinforcement in the lengthwise direction, wherein the plurality ofholes are configured to allow air and water vapor to flow through theplurality of dry-side vertical structural reinforcements in thelengthwise direction between a portion of the interior unconditionedspace of the first room and a portion of the interior unconditionedspace of the second room.
 3. The moisture management assembly of claim2, wherein: at least one panel of the exterior envelope enclosure has alower portion located between the sub sill's interior wall and exteriorwall; the at least one panel is attached to at least one of theplurality of dry-side vertical structural reinforcements; and themounting trough is configured to collect moisture which has condensed onan inner surface of the at least one panel and/or on an outer surface ofthe sub sill's interior wall.
 4. The moisture management assembly ofclaim 2, further comprising a horizontal air seal located between theinterior wall of the sub sill and the lower portion of the at least onepanel, wherein the horizontal air seal is configured to prevent waterwhich has condensed on the inner surface of the at least one panel fromentering between the interior wall and exterior wall of the sub sill. 5.The moisture management assembly of claim 3, further comprising a sensorlocated on an interior surface of the at least one panel, wherein thesensor is a temperature sensor and/or a humidity sensor configured todetect: if the interior surface of the at least one panel is below thedew point; and/or if the mounting trough has collected an amount ofwater above a predetermined volume.
 6. The moisture management assemblyof claim 5, further comprising a fan located in the interiorunconditioned space and attached to at least one of the plurality ofdry-side vertical structural reinforcements and connected to a vent inthe interior finish, such that the fan can direct air between theinterior unconditioned space and an interior conditioned space locatedon an opposite side of the interior finish than the interiorunconditioned space.
 7. The moisture management assembly of claim 6,wherein the fan is configured to pull air from the interior conditionedspace into the interior unconditioned space if the sensor detects thatthe interior surface of the at least one panel is below the dew point.8. The moisture management assembly of claim 6, wherein the fancomprises a first tube extending into the mounting trough, the firsttube configured to allow the fan to pull moisture which has collected inthe mounting trough through the first tube into the fan to phase changethe moisture into vapor.
 9. The moisture management assembly of claim 8,wherein: the fan further comprises a heater; and if the sensor detectsthat the interior surface of the at least one panel is below the dewpoint, and/or if the mounting trough has collected an amount of waterabove a predetermined volume, then the fan is configured to: pullmoisture which has collected in the mounting trough through the firsttube into the fan to phase change the moisture into vapor via theheater, heat air pulled from the interior conditioned space via theheater, and/or direct the vapor and/or the heated air towards theinterior surface of the at least one panel.
 10. The moisture managementassembly of claim 8, wherein: the fan further comprises a humidifier;and if a hygrometer located in the interior conditioned space detectsthat the humidity in the interior conditioned space is below apredetermined humidity level, then: the fan is configured to direct airinto the interior conditioned space and pull moisture which hascollected in the mounting trough, and the humidifier is configured toutilize the moisture to humidify air directed into the interiorconditioned space.
 11. The moisture management assembly of claim 10,wherein the fan is part of an air conditioner, and either: the firsttube is connected to the air conditioner, such that water pulled fromair which has been cooled by the air conditioner can drain into themounting trough; or the air conditioner has a second tube extending intothe mounting trough, such that water pulled from air which has beencooled by the air conditioner can drain into the mounting trough.
 12. Amoisture management assembly for an interior unconditioned space betweenan interior finish of a building or vehicle and a portion of an exteriorenvelope enclosure, the moisture management assembly comprising: a subsill having a bottom, an exterior wall, and an interior wall extendingin a lengthwise direction in the interior unconditioned space; whereinat least one panel of the exterior envelope enclosure has a lowerportion located between the sub sill's exterior wall and interior wall;a plurality of dry-side vertical structural reinforcements extending ina vertical direction in the interior unconditioned space, wherein eachof the plurality of dry-side vertical structural reinforcements have aplurality of holes extending through its dry-side vertical structuralreinforcement in the lengthwise direction; wherein the at least onepanel is attached to at least one of the plurality of dry-side verticalstructural reinforcements; a first horizontal air seal located betweenthe interior wall of the sub sill and the lower portion of the at leastone panel, wherein the first horizontal air seal is configured toprevent water which has condensed on the inner surface of the at leastone panel from entering between the interior wall and exterior wall ofthe sub sill; and a mounting trough extending in the lengthwisedirection and located between the sub sill and the interior finish,wherein the mounting trough: includes a bottom, an interior wall, andeither the mounting trough's exterior wall is the sub sill's interiorwall or the mounting trough's exterior wall is connected to the subsill's interior wall, and is configured to collect moisture, which hascondensed on an inner surface of the at least one panel and/or on anouter surface of the sub sill's interior wall, between the mountingtrough's interior wall and the exterior wall.
 13. The moisturemanagement assembly of claim 12, further comprising located on aninterior surface of the at least one panel, wherein the sensor is atemperature sensor and/or a humidity sensor configured to detect: if theinterior surface of the at least one panel is below the dew point;and/or if the mounting trough has collected an amount of water above apredetermined volume.
 14. The moisture management assembly of claim 13,further comprising a fan located in the interior unconditioned space andattached to at least one of the plurality of dry-side verticalstructural reinforcements and connected to a vent in the interiorfinish, such that the fan can direct air between the interiorunconditioned space and an interior conditioned space located on anopposite side of the interior finish than the interior unconditionedspace.
 15. The moisture management assembly of claim 14, wherein the fanis configured to pull air from the interior conditioned space into theinterior unconditioned space if the sensor detects that the interiorsurface of the at least one panel is below the dew point.
 16. Themoisture management assembly of claim 14, wherein the fan comprises afirst tube extending into the mounting trough, the first tube configuredto allow the fan to pull moisture which has collected in the mountingtrough through the first tube into the fan to phase change the moistureinto vapor.
 17. The moisture management assembly of claim 16, wherein:the fan further comprises a heater; and if the sensor detects that theinterior surface of the at least one panel is below the dew point,and/or if the mounting trough has collected an amount of water above apredetermined volume, then the fan is configured to: pull moisture whichhas collected in the mounting trough through the first tube into the fanto phase change the moisture into vapor via the heater, heat air pulledfrom the interior conditioned space via the heater, and/or direct thevapor and/or the heated air towards the interior surface of the at leastone panel.
 18. The moisture management assembly of claim 16, wherein:the fan further comprises a humidifier; and if a hygrometer located inthe interior conditioned space detects that the humidity in the interiorconditioned space is below a predetermined humidity level, then: the fanis configured to direct air into the interior conditioned space and pullmoisture which has collected in the mounting trough, and the humidifieris configured to utilize the moisture to humidify air directed into theinterior conditioned space.
 19. The moisture management assembly ofclaim 18, wherein the fan is part of an air conditioner, and either: thefirst tube is connected to the air conditioner, such that water pulledfrom air which has been cooled by the air conditioner can drain into themounting trough; or the air conditioner has a second tube extending intothe mounting trough, such that water pulled from air which has beencooled by the air conditioner can drain into the mounting trough.